What is a centrifuge
A centrifuge is a mechanical or electromechanical device used to separate various components of a liquid. It achieves this by simulating a very high gravity environment inside tubes through the production of centrifugal forces by spinning at high speeds. The origin of the centrifuge dates back to British military engineer Benjamin Robins, who conceptualized a … Read more
Design of Modern Pharmaceutical Facilities
The modern pharmaceutical industry requires state-of-the-art facilities to meet strict regulations, ensure product quality, and optimize operational efficiency. Designing a modern pharmaceutical facility involves considering aspects like compliance with regulatory standards, flexibility, cost efficiency, and advanced technology integration. This article explores the critical components, challenges, and best practices for designing cutting-edge pharmaceutical facilities. 1. Regulatory … Read more
Difference Between Air Cleaners and Air Purifiers
Air pollution is a growing concern, so air cleaners and air purifiers are used for air quality indoors is just as critical as outdoors. Two common solutions for enhancing indoor air quality are air cleaners and air purifiers. While both aim to improve the air we breathe, their mechanisms, effectiveness, and applications differ significantly. Let … Read more
Chromatography, its types, principle, and classifications
Chromatography, a term derived from the Greek words “chroma” (color) and “graphein” (to write), is a scientific method with a poetic essence. Imagine molecules embarking on a journey, where their distinct traits dictate their speed, interactions, and ultimate destinations. This remarkable technique separates components within a mixture, unveiling their individuality. In this article, we will … Read more
UV Spectrophotometer working principles, components, and applications
A UV spectrophotometer is a sophisticated analytical instrument used extensively in various fields, such as chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and environmental sciences. Its operation is grounded in the Beer-Lambert Law, which establishes a direct relationship between the concentration of absorbing molecules and the intensity of absorbed light. This article explores its principle, key components, and diverse … Read more
Procedure of Weighing Balance in Pharmaceuticals
In pharmaceutical industries, precision and accuracy in weighing balance in materials are critical for maintaining product quality and compliance with regulatory requirements. Proper procedures ensure the reliability of the weighing process and minimize errors. This article outlines the systematic procedure for operating a weighing balance, emphasizing unique aspects, prerequisites, calibration, and precautions involved in pharmaceutical … Read more
Glassware Cleaning with Nitric Acid and Chromic Acid
The success of analytical and microbiological tests, as outlined in the pharmacopoeias, often depends on the Glassware Cleaning or cleanliness of the glassware. Beakers, burettes, flasks, and pipettes must be impeccably clean to ensure accurate results, particularly in critical assays such as microbiological evaluations, pyrogen tests, and volumetric measurements. Among the various cleaning agents available, … Read more
Working of Headspace in Gas Chromatography
Working of headspace in gas chromatography plays a critical role, the gas phase present above a liquid or solid sample inside a sealed vial. This space contains volatile compounds that have partitioned from the sample into the gas phase. Headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) involves analyzing this gas phase to identify and quantify volatile analytes, avoiding … Read more